15 Tactics To Boost Twitter Engagement Backed By Research

15 Tactics To Boost Twitter Engagement Backed By Research Envision remaining in a room brimming with individuals while introducing a discourse. Presently remember, this is perhaps the best talks you’ve ever given. It’s loaded up with innovative thoughts and valuable data you realize your crowd will adore. The main issue isnobody in the room is tuning in to you. Presently envision you are distributing content on Twitter. This is the best substance you’ve ever delivered. But this time, nobody is tapping on the connection you gave or in any event, trying to take a gander at the realistic you’ve intended for it. This is the thing that the substance promoting world likes to call commitment. With regards to utilizing Twitter, your responsibility is to amplify commitment on each bit of substance you convey. Be that as it may, how? Before the finish of this post, you will end up being a Twitter commitment engineer. 15 Tactics To Boost Twitter Engagement Backed By Research1. Use Images To Increase Retweets By 150% All together for your crowd to draw in with your posts and snap on your substance, they have to really observe what you’re posting. Probably the most ideal approaches to make your substance stand apart is by including a picture. Cradle found that sharing pictures on Twitter increments retweets by 150%. Counting an enormous picture with a short outline of text on Twitter is more outwardly engaging than a book just post. Truth be told, research shows that clients drew in at a rate 5X higherâ when a picture was incorporated. Go forward connect with your crowd with these strategies https://t.co/CwTHAbcrsa pic.twitter.com/mhMfzzGjyp (@) August 14, 2016 Remember a picture for each post for 35% more retweets. Pictures can be anything from pictures and screen captures to smaller than expected infographics and diagrams. Ensure your visual is straightforwardly identified with the substance it’s attached with. Suggested Reading: How To Make The Best Social Media Images The Easy Way (+84 Free Images) 2. Use Memes and GIFs To Show Personality Beside adding a picture to your tweet, you can utilize images and GIFs when distributing your substance on Twitter. This adds a great turn to your plain post and will be unreasonably overpowering for your crowd to look past. â€Å"GIFs are an extraordinary method to feature your image's character, remain popular, and have fun† - HeyOrca. Twitter has made it simple to include GIFs by accomplishing all the work for you inside the tweet box. You should simply pick a suitable GIF starting from the drop menu or quest for a particular sort in the inquiry box. Images and GIFs are getting very well known among top companies. At , we’ve as of late began utilizing images and GIFs on Twitter and have discovered that they get definitely a bigger number of preferences and retweets than normal pictures. You had a hard week! Unwind today...it can hold up till Monday! pic.twitter.com/I7NyU9ON2A - (@) August 12, 2016 Utilize genuine pictures of workers to show a genuine look inside the organization, versus web images, gives an individual vibe and helps fabricate theâ story behind your image. GIFs are an extraordinary method to advance uncommon offers and occasions. Images and GIFs assist you with interfacing with your fans and supporters in another manner since they some of the time pass on feelings far superior to message or photographs or even recordings. Utilize the correctâ sizingâ for GIFs and images and remember to include a clever inscription. 3. Make Twitter Polls To Engage With Followers Individuals are regularly ready to give you their assessment and this is particularly obvious via web-based networking media systems. Twitter surveys areâ a extraordinary approach to engageâ your adherents and get important data about your client base. It likewise shows your supporters that you care about their sentiments, which thusly assists with building trust and steadfastness, further fortifying your image character and notoriety. To make a Twitter Poll: Open your Twitter page on a web or cell phone, click the Tweet button in the top route bar. Snap the Add survey symbol situated in the base left corner. Type your survey question into the fundamental make box. Supplement your first survey alternative into the Choice 1 box, trailed by your second survey choice into the Choice 2 box. Clickâ + Add a choiceâ to add extra choices to your survey. You canâ have up to four choices for each survey. A survey consequently defaults to run for 1 day. You can change the term of your survey by clicking 1 day and modifying the days, hours, and minutes. The least measure of time for a survey is 5 minutes, and the most extreme is 7 days. Snap Tweet to post the survey. We as of late ran a pollâ asking our devotees the consuming inquiry of how to articulate GIF. incredibly, we got a staggering measure of reactions. We need to inquire! How is Gif articulated? - (@) June 16, 2016 Keep your survey addresses quick and painless. Your crowd is bound to react when you keep your survey straightforward. Pose inquiries about your administrations, items, and brand all in all. Make certain to blend in a pleasant Twitter survey once in a while about an office banter or what shading to use for you next blog entry. Store a rundown of potential Twitter survey questions and post another survey each week for consistency. 4. Take part In Twitter Chats To Promote Your Brand An incredible method to construct commitment for your image is to speak with individuals who are keen on comparable items or points. Rather than posting Tweets or sending direct messages, you can have discussions utilizing Twitter talks. What is a Twitter chat? It's a discussion around one of a kind hashtag. This hashtag permits you to follow the conversation and take an interest in it. Twitter talks are normally repeating and on explicit themes to routinely associate individuals with these interests. Partaking in Twitter talks permits you to have ongoing discussions with many various clients while advancing your aptitude and building your authorityâ on a theme. Be keeping watch for various hashtags to discover Twitter talks applicable to your image. From that point, you should simply participate on the discussion occurring and incorporate the hashtag. A6 Being available! Ensure you're associated with your twitter account regular sharing substance that merits taking a gander at #ContentWritingChat - (@) August 2, 2016 The objective of joining Twitter talks is to gainâ interest in your image from Twitter clients who aren’t part of your supporter base yet. 67% of Twitter clients are undeniably bound to purchase from the brands they followâ on Twitter. Pick a Twitter visit that is significant and gainful to take an interest in. Hope to driving brandsâ in your industry and contact them to co-have with you to grow your system. 5. Host Twitter Chats To Reach A Larger Audience When you get the hang of taking part in Twitter talks, you can decide to have your own. Here are a couple of key focuses from Bufferâ to remember before hopping into your own Twitter talk: Settle on a reasonable and brief hashtag that speaks to your image. Pick a day and time that you can reliably hold Twitter talks. Concoct a fitting point and questions. Plan and advance your talk by means of Twitter. Ensure you pick a point that is applicable to your crowd. On the off chance that you are a substance advertiser, pick a point identifying with online networking, SEO, showcasing, or something comparative. Prior to starting your talk, requests that everybody present themselves and where they are tweeting from. Drawing in with your members is the most significant piece of facilitating a Twitter talk. In the wake of posing every inquiry, answer to a couple of reactions to stay insider savvy. Suggested Reading: How To Use A Twitter Chat To Grow Your Audience And Gain Trust 6. Pin Tweets To Boost Your Best Content Do you have a great Tweet you need the entirety of your adherents to see? You can stick tweets to your profile that will stay on the highest point of your page until you expelled the pin. It’s a straightforward strategy with huge outcomes to help commitment. Simply select the tweet you need stuck, click the â€Å"...† symbol, and afterward click Pin to your profile page. Pin a Tweet that has an eye getting picture to support retweets by 35%. A stuck tweet is like an advertisement, aside from you don’t need to pay for it. Exploit this free commercial by having a solid source of inspiration. Remember a URL for your stuck tweet to get 86% greater commitment. Pin tweets to help your best content.7. Use Standalone Graphics To Share Information At this point, we as a whole realize that utilizing pictures in tweets will expand commitment, yet shouldn't something be said about including a picture with no connections? We tried this hypothesis out on our Twitter page and found that truth be told, it has a positive effect! Any arbitrary picture, however an independent realistic. Remember to deal with the little person pic.twitter.com/x8YQ4Loq4q - (@) August 22, 2016 An independent realistic is a picture that gives helpful data all alone without requiring a connection back to something. For our independent designs, we give goodies of data and statements from notable advertisers. Examination shows that posting an independent realistic with a statement increments retweets by 19%.â Utilize a realistic with text that gives snappy data to your adherents. Get little snippets of data from your blog entries to place in your independent realistic. Use apparatuses like Canva to make an independent realistic. Suggested Reading: How To Design The Best Blog Graphics With Free Tools And Design Theory 8. Social Listening Helps Build Loyalty â€Å"Research shows that client feelings become perpetual with time. It’s best for a successful intercession to happen as near the experience as possible,† says Baba Shiv, Stanford Professor of Marketing at Stanford’s Graduate School of Business. At the point when clients react to your posts on Twitter or notice your business name, react rapidly. In the event that you don’t, at that point it’s going to appear you’re not dynamic on your own Twitter page-or you essentially don’t

How to Do Business In Italy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Step by step instructions to Do Business In Italy - Research Paper Example It very well may be seen that the Italy doesn't have great universal connection with the vast majority of the nations . In the ongoing occasions, Italy is confronting noteworthy difficulties in meeting its obligation prerequisites and the weighty mischief which has been caused on account of euro zone alongside the EU which is very hard to destroy . Economy Policy Outlook Italy is viewed as a nation with elevated budgetary just as monetary emergency that debilitates its situation in the euro zone. This emerges basically from an adjustment in showcase view of the condition of its open accounts. Endorsement was gotten from the Parliament on September fourteenth 2011, with respect to the spending that was intended for the time of 2012-2013 so as to limit the spending shortfall to focus in the year 2013, from 4.6% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the year 2010 and an approximated 4% in the year 2011. In any case, as a result of the decrease in the estimation of monetary development alongside higher intrigue installments, it has been evident constantly of November of the year 2011 that more assets would be required by the nation so as to achieve this target. Beginning a business in Italy is viewed as very costly instead of tedious in Italy .In the year 2010 and in the main portion of the year 2011, the country’s upswing from downturn had been unassuming. In outcome of mix of more prominent monetary troubles, a debilitating of the business certainty and strongly declining outer interest, it very well may be normal that Italy will experience the ill effects of various quarters of negative quarter-to-quarter growth6. Financial Policy Financial Policy The production of the new technocratic government has not been effective at limiting the pace of enthusiasm on Italian government bonds considerably6. Buyer Confidence Improvements There has been huge decrease in the shopper spending since April 2011. In the initial seventy five percent of the year 2011, it was seen that there was decrease in the unadjusted worth list by 0.8% year-on-year. Be that as it may, after the insistent fall that started in the long stretch of May of the year 2011, in the period of November of the year 2011 there was recognizable ascent in the shopper certainty list to 96.5 from 93.3 in the long stretch of October of the year 2011. It was seen that the record stayed beneath the normal for every one of the a year of 99.4. It was in the period of November 2011 when the consumers’ assessment of the general financial circumstance improved significantly7. PESTEL Analysis Prior to going into any nation, it is very imperative to lead PESTEL e xamination so as to appreciate the business condition of that specific nation. It very well may be expressed that the legislature of Italy has passed a â‚ ¬40 bn harshness program so it can resolve its powerless budgetary position and in this way take out approaches to reinforce them. It has been seen that in spite of the fact that the administration takes various measures so as to diminish the expense rates, it is very high in Italy. In the year 2010, the corporate assessment rate has been 31.4% which is very higher in contrast with the EU normal of 23.2%. There has been ascend in the fares just as imports to non-EU nations by

10 September New Releases To Put On Hold at the Library Right Now

10 September New Releases To Put On Hold at the Library Right Now Wishlist upcoming releases youre dying to read. Get exclusive podcasts and newsletters. Enter to win swag. Do it all when you join Insiders. Subscribe to Book Riot Insiders! Happy crazy-hot summer, readers! I dont know how you can beat the heat, but I do know how you can beat the waiting lists at the library: I have ten September new releases that are already garnering a lot of interest. Beat the rush and put them on reserve now! Getting the jump on these titles will pay off when September rolls around. Call Them by Their True Names: American Crises (and Essays) by Rebecca Solnit  (September 4) Solnit, author of  Men Explain Things to Me, turns her attention to the violence in America in this powerful new collection of essays. She turns the spotlight on the daily casualties in this country and the epidemic of gun violence, and offers insight into how people can change their despair over the state of the nation into hope. The Proposal by Jasmine Guillory  (September 4) Guillorys first book, The Wedding Date, has been a big hit, drawing more readers to the romance genre with its funny, smart storyline. And this one looks equally charming! Its about a public marriage proposal at a baseball game. Nik has no problem saying no to the proposal, but she ends up disappointing a whole stadium of people. Luckily, a handsome stranger is there to whisk her away before the crowd in the stadium gets ugly… We Fed an Island: The True Story of Rebuilding Puerto Rico, One Meal at a Time by Jose Andres  (September 11) The true story of a group of chefs fed hundreds of thousands of people in Puerto Rico in the wake of Hurricane Maria.  Chef José Andrés spent his days there with other cooks helping create meals that would feed many people at a time. This is his inside take on the crisis. With a forward from Lin Manuel-Miranda and his father, Luis A. Miranda, Jr. (Note: This is one of the last books being published by Anthony Bourdains imprint.) The Real Lolita: The Kidnapping of Sally Horner and the Novel That Scandalized the World by Sarah Weinman (September 11) The little-told real life crime story that influenced Nabokovs famous novel: the 1948 kidnapping of eleven-year-old Sally Horner. Using the facts of the case combined with history and investigative reporting, Weinman has written the first full account of the kidnapping, including uncovering Nabokovs own efforts to hide the fact that he knew of the crime. Sea Prayer by Khaled Hosseini  (September 18) The author of The Kite Runner and And the Mountains Echoed has written a powerful response to the refugee crisis. A short, illustrated book that is meant for all ages, it is about a father composing a letter to his sleeping son as they prepare for a dangerous trip to escape the violence of their homeland, Syria. Washington Black: A novel by Esi Edugyan  (September 18) Edugyans second novel, Half-Blood Blues, was a masterpiece that won awards but didnt get the love it deserved in the States. Hopefully her new novel, about an eleven-year-old field slave on a Barbados sugar plantation and his journey to freedom, will bring her genius to a larger audience. Because she is amazing! These Truths: A History of the United States by Jill Lepore (September 18) Historian Lepore, author of  The Secret History of Wonder Woman and Book of Ages, has written an ambitious one-volume American history book. Based on extensive research, Lepore dissects Americas history and over five centuries of events, and discusses whether the nation has delivered and upheld political equality, natural rights, and the sovereignty of the people, or these truths, as Jefferson called them. Times Convert: A Novel (All Souls Trilogy) by Deborah Harkness  (September 18) A new book from the author of the All Souls trilogy, set in the same world! This time, its the story of vampire geneticist Matthew de Clermont and his sire, Marcus. Spanning from the American Revolution to contemporary London, this is sure to capture new fans alongside the release of the television adaptation of A Discovery of Witches. Heartland: A Memoir of Working Hard and Being Broke in the Richest Country on Earth by Sarah Smarsh  (September 18) Smarsh discusses the politics and systems in place in America that make it hard for poor and working class families to get ahead, no matter how hard they work. She combines her insight with the stories of her struggling family history and her poor childhood in Kansas. Perfect for readers of Evicted and Nickel and Dimed. Transcription by Kate Atkinson (September 25) A new Kate Atkinson novel is a reason to celebrate! This one is about a young woman who is recruited by MI5 and given the task of spying on  British Fascist sympathizers. When WWII ends, so does her job, but the past catches up with her at her new job ten years later, and she realizes she was never truly out of danger. ITS SO GOOD. Looking for previously recommended releases? Check out  10 August New Releases To Put On Hold at the Library Right Now  and  10 July New Releases To Put On Hold at the Library Right Now.

Gender Demographic Group Of The Media - 1382 Words

Homosexual Demographic Group Essay People in America tend to view media as an all-knowing, reliable source of information that affects their very lives. It’s no wonder that any form of demographic portrayal put in the media is automatically consumed by thousands of people every single day. This makes the mass media an important component in the society’s perception of many demographic groups. One of the most common demographic group thrown into the media is the LGBTQ. This organization was brought to America in 1988, however, sexuality is only a human feeling, existing from the time humans were evolved. The portrayal of the LGBTQ has evolved over time; Gays are more accepted now than they were around the 1950’s. â€Å"In 1980 to 90 the†¦show more content†¦As an American sometimes you have to ask yourself, why would the media in the past, or even now, try to dehumanize a group of people? It all depends on how you depict the situation. Nowadays, homosexu als are seen overall as almost a normal thing to be. We all are human, and we all bleed the same blood; However, things were not always how they are today. The Society of Human Rights was the first gay organization founded in 1924 by Henry Gerber. This organization immediately caused chaos and was disbanded almost instantly because of the political pressure. A majority of Americans saw gays as taboo and almost sickening. â€Å"1925 was the year police raids began to occur at gay and lesbian restaurants.†(United Church of Christ) One of the main reasons people looked down upon homosexuals was because of them being considered a threat. They were seen as sociopaths and psychos. Psychologists believed that homosexuals had sociopathic intentions and needed electric shock therapy. (PBS) During the Cold War in the 1950’s propaganda spread that stated that since homosexuality was a mental illness that â€Å"homosexuals were a security risk to the nation because those who eng age in overt acts of perversion lack the emotional stability of normal persons.† (PBS) Following this statement, years later, President Eisenhower banned homosexuals from working in any part of the federal government due to the risk they brought. One psychologist,Show MoreRelatedSwot Analysis Of Find A Muse 1071 Words   |  5 Pagesbe lonely, when you can be Be-Mused. Executive Summery Social media has been continuously on the rise for the duration of its existence. With the most substantial, concentrated growth in the adult male market, 5 of the 6 top ranking social media platforms should not be dominated by young females (Duggan and Smith, 2013). Yet, they are. Be-Mused is specifically intended to captive and motivate this last untaped group of social media users in a ways that appeals to them, simplicity and connivenceRead MoreHow Marketers And Media Companies View You872 Words   |  4 Pages How Marketers and Media Companies View You Shaunna L. Roth University of Missouri St. Louis September 10, 2016 â€Æ' ABSTRACT Convergence in media is extremely important. (1) Media convergence is the flow of content across multiple media platforms. (2) There are three elements for convergence to occur in mass media; corporations, content and computers. Media companies and marketers target and segment their audience. Psychographics plays a role in audience segmentation. In order for the consumerRead MoreWhat is Cyber Relationship Addiction? 1544 Words   |  7 Pagesfollowing literature review, we will be reviewing on the extent of online relationship, the demographics affected by such an addiction, as well as reasons for falling into such an addiction. Literature Review The extent of cyber relationship addiction these days. In a research done by Pew Research Center’s Internet American Life Project, the basic demographic shows that more young adults use social media compared to older adults. According to Duggan, 83% of internet users between the age of 18-29Read MoreUnderstanding Demographic Environments806 Words   |  3 PagesDemographic Environment Understanding Demographics: The Business Dictionary defines Demographics as â€Å"Socioeconomic characteristics of a population expressed statistically, such as age, sex, education level, income level, marital status, occupation, religion, birth rate, death rate, average size of a family, average age at marriage, etc.† Demographics imply to people, people become customers, they eventually buy the products, and that is when the company really works. From a business or marketingRead MoreMarketing Analysis : The Dental Industry1002 Words   |  5 PagesThere are two larger divisional groups—Descriptive and Behavioral, each with separate subgroups, which are described below. Descriptive Market Segmentation There are two distinct types of descriptive market segmentations—Demographic and Geographic. According to Chron Magazine by Billie Nordmeyer, Descriptive Marketing is â€Å"research is a form of conclusive used to describe both the composition of a group in such terms as income, gender, age and education†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Demographic and Geographic categories belowRead MorePresentation Of The Presidential Election868 Words   |  4 Pageselections, never has there been a more controversial topic to speaks about. From the issues that are being debated about, to the Presidential candidates themselves. This year s’ Presidential race has been closely monitored by people from all different demographics. The issues debated will not only have an impact on the United States, but they will have an even bigger impact on other countries all over the world. An estimated 50 million people are projected to vote on November 8, 2016, and 58% of AmericansRead MoreMarketing Communic ations Memo1086 Words   |  5 PagesMarketing Communications Memo PSY/322 February 6, 2012 Charles Dudek Marketing Communications Memo There is no doubt that having a better understanding of different consumer demographics will impact marketing and has an effect on marketing communications. How messages are communicated most effectively can change depending on who the target audience is. A message that is targeting young consumers, like an advertisement for the Twilight movie would be different than one targeting menRead MoreSocial Medi The End Of Gender1310 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Media: The End of Gender Maurice Brigham brighamm1966@faytechcc.edu Paper Submitted as Fulfillment of the Requirements for COM 231: Interpersonal Communication Fayetteville Technical Community College 09 May 2016 â€Æ' Abstract Social media has often been referred to as a social institution capable of influencing worldwide audiences through the shaping of gender norms. Gender identity is no longer decided at birth, but whenever culture and social conditions dictate. â€Å"Social media, theRead MoreIs It Time For Your Business? Essay1476 Words   |  6 Pagespast few years, especially visual platforms like Pinterest, Snapchat and Instagram. According to Instagram, there are over 150 million active users. Research published by the GlobalWebIndex show that Instagram is growing the fastest of all social media sites worldwide, increasing its active user base by 23% in the last six months. The mobile photo-sharing platform saw a 23% jump in active users over 2013 while its parent company, Facebook, saw a 3% drop. The question of course is, should my businessRead MoreMobile Phones And Its Impact On The World1329 Words   |  6 Pagesout a particular media to satisfy specific needs. Uses and gratification approach is an audience majored that assists in understanding mass communication. It focuses much on what individuals do with media that diverge from other media theories that focus on what media do to people. This is based on socio- psychological communication tradition that drives questions like: why do individuals use media and what do they use them for? It discusses how people deliberately satisfy media that will gratify

Why Do Whales & Dolphins Strand Themselves on Beaches

Few things in nature are more tragic than the sight of a pod of whales—some of the most magnificent and intelligent creatures on Earth—lying helpless and dying on the beach. Mass whale strandings occur in many parts of the world, and we dont know why. Scientists are still searching for the answers that will unlock this mystery. There are many theories about why whales and dolphins sometimes swim into shallow water and end up stranding themselves on beaches in various parts of the world. Some scientists have theorized that a single whale or dolphin may strand itself due to illness or injury, swimming in close to shore to take refuge in shallow water and getting trapped by the changing tide. Because whales are highly social creatures that travel in communities called pods, some mass strandings may occur when healthy whales refuse to abandon a sick or injured pod member and follow them into shallow water. Mass strandings of dolphins are far less common than mass strandings of whales. And among whales, deep-water species such as pilot whales and sperm whales are more likely to strand themselves on land than whale species such as orcas (killer whales) that live closer to shore. In February 2017, over 400 pilot whales were stranded on a New Zealand South Island beach. Such events happen with some regularity in the area, suggesting that the depth and shape of the sea floor in that bay may be to blame. Some observers have offered a similar theory about whales pursuing prey or foraging too close to shore and getting caught by the tide, but this seems unlikely as a general explanation given the number of stranded whales that have turned up with empty stomachs or in areas devoid of their usual prey. Does Navy Sonar Cause Whale Strandings? One of the most persistent theories about the cause of whale stranding is that something disrupts the whales’ navigation system, causing them to lose their bearings, stray into shallow water, and end up on the beach. Scientists and government researchers have linked the low-frequency and mid-frequency sonar used by military ships, such as those operated by the U.S. Navy, to several mass strandings as well as other deaths and serious injuries among whales and dolphins. Military sonar sends out intense underwater sonic waves, essentially a very loud sound, that can retain its power across hundreds of miles. Evidence of how dangerous sonar might be for marine mammals emerged in 2000  when whales of four different species stranded themselves on beaches in the Bahamas after a U.S. Navy battle group used mid-frequency sonar in the area. The Navy initially denied responsibility, but a government investigation concluded that Navy sonar caused the whale strandings. Many beached whales in strandings associated with sonar also show evidence of physical injuries, including bleeding in their brains, ears and internal tissues. In addition, many whales stranded in areas where sonar is being used have symptoms that in humans would be considered a severe case of decompression sickness, or â€Å"the bends,† a condition that afflicts SCUBA divers who resurface too quickly after a deep dive. The implication is that sonar may be affecting the whales’ dive patterns. Other possible causes put forth for the disruption of whale and dolphin navigation include: weather conditions;diseases (such as viruses, brain lesions, parasites in the ears or sinuses);underwater seismic activity (sometimes called seaquakes);magnetic field anomalies; andunfamiliar underwater topography. Despite the many theories, and growing evidence of the danger that military sonar poses for whales and dolphins worldwide, scientists have not found an answer that explains all whale and dolphin strandings. Perhaps there is no single answer. Edited by Frederic Beaudry

Comptia a+ Free Essays

string(174) " Power and electrical input devices o Auto-switching o Fixed input power supplies o Batteries \? Input devices o Stylus / digitizer CompTIA A\+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2\." CompTIA A+ Essentials (2009 Edition) Objectives Exam Number: 220-701 Introduction In order to receive CompTIA A+ certification a candidate must pass two exams. The first exam is CompTIA A+ Essentials, exam number 220-701. The CompTIA A+ Essentials examination measures necessary competencies for an entry-level IT professional with the equivalent knowledge of at least 500 hours of hands-on experience in the lab or field. We will write a custom essay sample on Comptia a+ or any similar topic only for you Order Now Successful candidates will have the knowledge required to understand the fundamentals of computer technology, networking, and security, and will have the skills required to identify hardware, peripheral, networking, and security components. Successful candidates will understand the basic functionality of the operating system and basic troubleshooting methodology, practice proper safety procedures, and will effectively interact with customers and peers. CompTIA A+ is ISO 17024 Accredited (Personnel Certification Accreditation) and, as such, undergoes regular reviews and updates to the exam objectives. The following CompTIA A+ Essentials objectives reflect the subject areas in the 2009 Edition of the exam and result from subject matter expert workshops and industry-wide survey results regarding the skills and knowledge required of an entry-level IT professional. The percentages in this document represent the relative importance of the subject areas (domains) in the associated body of knowledge, and together establish the foundation of an entry-level IT professional. This examination blueprint includes domain weighting, test objectives, and example content. Example topics and concepts are included to clarify the test objectives and should not be construed as a comprehensive listing of all the content of this examination. Candidates are encouraged to use this document to guide their studies. The contents of the examination blueprint help prioritize topics and provide a guide of what to expect on the CompTIA A+ Essentials exam. The table below lists the domains measured by this examination and the extent to which they are represented. The CompTIA A+ Essentials (2009 Edition) exam is based on these objectives. Domain 1. 0 2. 0 3. 0 4. 0 5. 0 6. Hardware Troubleshooting, Repair Maintenance Operating System and Software Networking Security Operational Procedure Percentage of Examination 27% 20% 20% 15% 8% 10% 100% Total **Note: The lists of examples provided in bulleted format below each objective are not exhaustive lists. Other examples of technologies, processes or tasks pertaining to each objective may also be included on the exam althou gh not listed or covered in this objectives document. CompTIA is constantly reviewing the content of our exams and updating test questions to be sure our exams are current and the security of the questions is protected. When necessary, we will publish updated exams based on existing exam objectives. Please know that all related exam preparation materials will still be valid. CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2. 0 1 of 17 Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. 1. 0 Hardware 1. 1 Categorize storage devices and backup media ? FDD ? HDD o Solid state vs. magnetic ? Optical drives o CD / DVD / RW / Blu-Ray ? Removable storage o Tape drive o Solid state (e. g. humb drive, flash, SD cards, USB) o External CD-RW and hard drive o Hot swappable devices and non-hot swappable devices 1. 2 Explain motherboard components, types and features ? Form Factor o ATX / BTX, o micro ATX o NLX ? I/O interfaces o Sound o Video o USB 1. 1 and 2. 0 o Serial o IEEE 1394 / Firewire o Parallel o NIC o Modem o PS/2 ? Memory slots o RIMM o DIMM o SODIMM o SIMM ? Processor sockets ? Bus architecture ? Bus slots o PCI o AGP o PCIe o AMR o CNR o PCMCIA ? PATA o IDE o EIDE ? SATA, eSATA ? Contrast RAID (levels 0, 1, 5) ? Chipsets ? BIOS / CMOS / Firmware o POST o CMOS battery ? Riser card / daughterboard 1. 3 Classify power supplies types and characteristics CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2. 0 Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. 2 of 17 ? ? ? ? ? AC adapter ATX proprietary Voltage, wattage and capacity Voltage selector switch Pins (20, 24) 1. 4 Explain the purpose and characteristics of CPUs and their features ? Identify CPU types o AMD o Intel ? Hyper threading ? Multi core o Dual core o Triple core o Quad core ? Onchip cache o L1 o L2 ? Speed (real vs. actual) ? 32bit vs. 64 bit 1. 5 Explain cooling methods and devices ? Heat sinks ? CPU and case fans ? Liquid cooling systems ? Thermal compound 1. 6 Compare and contrast memory types, characteristics and their purpose ? Types o DRAM o SRAM o SDRAM o DDR / DDR2 / DDR3 o RAMBUS ? Parity vs. Non-parity ? ECC vs. non-ECC ? Single sided vs. double sided ? Single channel vs. dual channel ? Speed o PC100 o PC133 o PC2700 o PC3200 o DDR3-1600 o DDR2-667 1. 7 Distinguish between the different display devices and their characteristics ? Projectors, CRT and LCD ? LCD technologies o Resolution (e. . XGA, SXGA+, UXGA, WUXGA) o Contrast ratio o Native resolution ? Connector types o VGA CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2. 0 Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. 3 of 17 ? o o o o Settings o o o o HDMi S-Video Component / RGB DVI pin compatibility Refresh rate Resolution Multi-monitor Degauss 1. 8 Install and configure peripherals and input devices ? Mouse ? Keyboard ? Bar code reader ? Multimedia (e. g. web and digital cameras, MIDI, microphones) ? Biometric devices ? Touch screen ? KVM switch 1. 9 Summarize the function and types of adapter cards ? Video o PCI o PCIe o AGP ? Multimedia o Sound card o TV tuner cards o Capture cards ? I/O o SCSI o Serial o USB o Parallel ? Communications o NIC o Modem 1. 10 Install, configure and optimize laptop components and features ? Expansion devices o PCMCIA cards o PCI Express cards o Docking station ? Communication connections o Bluetooth o Infrared o Cellular WAN o Ethernet o Modem ? Power and electrical input devices o Auto-switching o Fixed input power supplies o Batteries ? Input devices o Stylus / digitizer CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2. 0 4 of 17 Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. o o Function keys Point devices (e. g. touch pad, point stick / track point) 1. 11 Install and configure printers ? Differentiate between printer types o Laser o Inkjet o Thermal o Impact ? Local vs. network printers ? Printer drivers (compatibility) ? Consumables 2. 0 Troubleshooting, Repair and Maintenance 2. Given a scenario, explain the troubleshooting theory ? Identify the problem o Question the user and identify user changes to computer and perform backups before making changes ? Establish a theory of probable cause (question the obvious) ? Test the theory to determine cause o Once theory is confirmed determine next steps to resolve problem o If theory is not confirmed re-establish new theory or escalate ? Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and implement the solution ? Verify full system functionality and if applicable implement preventative measures ? Document findings, actions and outcomes 2. 2 Given a scenario, explain and interpret common hardware and operating system symptoms and their causes ? OS related symptoms o Bluescreen o System lock-up o Input/output device o Application install o Start or load o Windows specific printing problems ? Print spool stalled ? Incorrect / incompatible driver ? Hardware related symptoms o Excessive heat o Noise o Odors o Status light indicators o Alerts o Visible damage (e. g. cable, plastic) ? Use documentation and resources o User / installation manuals o Internet / web based o Training materials 2. Given a scenario, determine the troubleshooting methods and tools for printers ? Manage print jobs ? Print spooler ? Printer properties and settings CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2. 0 Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. 5 of 17 ? Print a test page 2. 4 Given a sc enario, explain and interpret common laptop issues and determine the appropriate basic troubleshooting method ? Issues o Power conditions o Video o Keyboard o Pointer o Stylus o Wireless card issues ? Methods o Verify power (e. . LEDs, swap AC adapter) o Remove unneeded peripherals o Plug in external monitor o Toggle Fn keys or hardware switches o Check LCD cutoff switch o Verify backlight functionality and pixilation o Check switch for built-in WIFI antennas or external antennas 2. 5 Given a scenario, integrate common preventative maintenance techniques ? Physical inspection ? Updates o Driver o Firmware o OS o Security ? Scheduling preventative maintenance o Defrag o Scandisk o Check disk o Startup programs ? Use of appropriate repair tools and cleaning materials o Compressed air o Lint free cloth o Computer vacuum and compressors ? Power devices o Appropriate source such as power strip, surge protector or UPS ? Ensuring proper environment ? Backup procedures 3. 0 Operating Systems and Software – Unless otherwise noted, operating systems referred to within include Microsoft Windows 2000, Windows XP Professional, XP Home, XP MediaCenter, Windows Vista Home, Home Premium, Business and Ultimate, Windows 7 Starter, Home Premium, Professional and Ultimate 3. 1 Compare and contrast the different Windows Operating Systems and their features ? Windows 2000, Windows XP 32bit vs. 64bit, Windows Vista 32 bit vs. 64bit, Windows 7 32-bit vs. 4-bit o Side bar, Aero, UAC, minimum system requirements, system limits o Windows 2000 and newer – upgrade paths and requirements ? Windows OS Upgrade Advisor ? Microsoft Assessment and Planning Toolkit CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2. 0 6 of 17 Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectiv es are subject to change without notice. o o o Terminology (32bit vs. 64bit – x86 vs. x64) Application compatibility, installed program locations (32bit vs. 64bit), Windows compatibility mode User interface, start bar layout 3. Given a scenario, demonstrate proper use of user interfaces ? Windows Explorer o Libraries in Windows 7 ? My Computer ? Control Panel ? Command prompt utilities o telnet o ping o ipconfig ? Run line utilities o msconfig o msinfo32 o Dxdiag o Cmd o REGEDIT ? My Network Places / Home Group ? Location of basic network settings between OS versions ? Task bar / systray ? Administrative tools o Performance monitor, Event Viewer, Services, Computer Management ? MMC ? Task Manager ? Start Menu 3. 3 Explain the process and steps to install and configure the Windows OS ? File systems o FAT32 vs. NTFS ? Directory structures o Create folders o Navigate directory structures ? Files o Creation o Extensions o Attributes o Permissions ? Verification of hardware compatibility and minimum requirements ? Installation methods o Boot media such as DVD, CD, floppy or USB o Network installation o Install from image o Recover CD o Factory recovery partition ? Operating system installation options o File system type o Network configuration o Repair install ? Disk preparation order o Format drive o Partition CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2. 0 7 of 17 Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. ? ? ? ? ? o Start installation Device Manager o Verify o Install and update devices drivers o Driver signing User data migration – User State Migration Tool (USMT) Virtual memory Configure power management o Suspend o Wake on LAN o Sleep timers o Hibernate o Standby Demonstrate safe removal of peripherals 3. 4 Explain the basics of boot sequences, methods and startup utilities ? Disk boot order / device priority o Types of boot devices (disk, network, USB, other) ? Boot options o Safe mode o Boot to restore point o Recovery options ? Automated System Recovery (ASR) ? Emergency Repair Disk (ERD) ? Recovery console 4. 0 Networking 4. 1 Summarize the basics of networking fundamentals, including technologies, devices and protocols ? Basics of configuring IP addressing and TCP/IP properties (DHCP, DNS) ? Bandwidth and latency ? Status indicators ? Protocols (TCP/IP, NETBIOS) ? Full-duplex, half-duplex ? Basics of workgroups and domains ? Common ports: HTTP, FTP, POP, SMTP, TELNET, HTTPS ? LAN / WAN ? Hub, switch and router ? Identify Virtual Private Networks (VPN) ? Basics class identification ? IPv6 vs. IPv4 o Address length differences o Address conventions 4. 2 Categorize network cables and connectors and their implementations ? Cables o Plenum / PVC o UTP (e. g. CAT3, CAT5 / 5e, CAT6) o STP o Fiber o Coaxial cable CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2. 0 8 of 17 Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. ? Connectors o RJ45 o RJ11 4. 3 Compare and contrast the different network types ? Broadband o DSL o Cable o Satellite o Fiber ? Dial-up ? Wireless o All 802. 11 types o WEP o WPA o SSID o MAC filtering o DHCP settings ? Bluetooth ? Cellular 5. 0 Security 5. 1 Explain the basic principles of security concepts and technologies ? Encryption technologies ? Data wiping / hard drive destruction / hard drive recycling ? Software firewall o Port security o Exceptions ? Authentication technologies o User name o Password o Biometrics o Smart cards ? Basics of data sensitivity and data security o Compliance o Classifications o Social engineering 5. 2 Summarize the following security features ? Wireless encryption o WEPx and WPAx o Client configuration (SSID) ? Malicious software protection o Viruses o Trojans o Worms o Spam o Spyware o Adware o Grayware ? BIOS Security o Drive lock CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2. 0 9 of 17 Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. ? ? ? o Passwords o Intrusion detection o TPM Password management / password complexity Locking workstation o Hardware o Operating system Biometrics o Fingerprint scanner 6. 0 Operational Procedure 6. 1 Outline the purpose of appropriate safety and environmental procedures and given a scenario apply them ? ESD ? EMI o Network interference o Magnets ? RFI o Cordless phone interference o Microwaves ? Electrical safety o CRT o Power supply o Inverter o Laser printers o Matching power requirements of equipment with power distribution and UPSs ? Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) ? Cable management o Avoiding trip hazards ? Physical safety o Heavy devices o Hot components ? Environmental – consider proper disposal procedures 6. 2 Given a scenario, demonstrate the appropriate use of communication skills and professionalism in the workplace ? Use proper language – avoid jargon, acronyms, slang ? Maintain a positive attitude ? Listen and do not interrupt a customer ? Be culturally sensitive ? Be on time o If late contact the customer ? Avoid distractions o Personal calls o Talking to co-workers while interacting with customers o Personal interruptions ? Dealing with a difficult customer or situation o Avoid arguing with customers and/or being defensive o Do not minimize customers’ problems o Avoid being judgmental o Clarify customer statements ? Ask open-ended questions to narrow the scope of the problem ? Restate the issue or question to verify understanding CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2. 0 10 of 17 Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. ? Set and meet expectations / timeline and communicate status with the customer o Offer different repair / replacement options if applicable o Provide proper documentation on the services provided o Follow up with customer / user at a later date to verify satisfaction Deal appropriately with customers confidential materials o Located on compu ter, desktop, printer, etc. CompTIA A+ Acronyms Introduction The following is a list of acronyms which appear on the CompTIA A+ exams. Candidates are encouraged to review the complete list and attain a working knowledge of all listed acronyms as a part of a comprehensive exam preparation program. ACRONYM AC ACL ACPI ACT ADSL AGP AMD APIPA APM ARP ASR ATA ATAPI ATM ATX BIOS BNC BTX CD CD-ROM CD-RW CDFS CFS CMOS COMx CPU CRT DAC DB-25 SPELLED OUT alternating current access control list advanced configuration and power interface activity asymmetrical digital subscriber line accelerated graphics port advanced micro devices automatic private internet protocol addressing advanced power management address resolution protocol automated system recovery advanced technology attachment advanced technology attachment packet interface asynchronous transfer mode advanced technology extended basic input/output system Bayonet-Neill-Concelman or British Naval Connector balanced technology extended compact disc compact disc-read-only memory compact disc-rewritable compact disc file system Central File System, Common File System, Command File System complementary metal-oxide semiconductor communication port (x=port number) central processing unit cathode-ray tube discretionary access control ser ial communications D-shell connector, 25 pins Version 2. 0 11 of 17 CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. DB-9 DC DDOS DDR DDR RAM DDR SDRAM DFS DHCP DIMM DIN DIP DLT DLP DMA DMZ DNS DOS DRAM DSL DVD DVD-RAM DVD-ROM DVD-R DVD-RW DVI ECC ECP EEPROM EFS EIDE EMI EMP EPROM EPP ERD ESD EVGA EVDO FAT FAT12 FAT16 FAT32 FDD Fn 9 pin D shell connector direct current distributed denial of service double data-rate double data-rate random access memory double data-rate synchronous ynamic random access memory distributed file system dynamic host configuration protocol dual inline memory module Deutsche Industrie Norm dual inline package digital linear tape digital light processing direct memory access demilitarized zone domain name service or domain name server denial of service dynamic random access memory digital subscriber line digital vid eo disc or digital versatile disc digital video disc-random access memory digital video disc-read only memory digital video disc-recordable digital video disc-rewritable digital visual interface error correction code extended capabilities port electrically erasable programmable read-only memory encrypting file system enhanced integrated drive electronics electromagnetic interference electromagnetic pulse erasable programmable read-only memory enhanced parallel port emergency repair disk electrostatic discharge extended video graphics adapter/array evolution data optimized or evolution data only file allocation table 12-bit file allocation table 16-bit file allocation table 32-bit file allocation table floppy disk drive Function (referring to the function key on a laptop) Version 2. 0 12 of 17 CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. FPM FRU FSB FTP FQDN Gb GB GDI GHz GUI GPS GSM HAL HCL HDD HDMi HPFS HTML HTTP HTTPS I/O ICMP ICR IDE IDS IEEE IIS IMAP IP IPCONFIG IPP IPSEC IPX IPX/SPX IR IrDA IRQ ISA ISDN ISO ISP JBOD Kb KB fast page-mode field replaceable unit Front Side Bus file transfer protocol fully qualified domain name gigabit gigabyte graphics device interface gigahertz graphical user interface global positioning system global system for mobile communications hardware abstraction layer hardware compatibility list hard disk drive high definition media interface high performance file system hypertext markup language hypertext transfer protocol hypertext transfer protocol over secure sockets layer input/output internet control essage protocol intelligent character recognition integrated drive electronics Intrusion Detection System Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Internet Information Services internet mail access protocol internet protocol internet protocol configuration internet printing pr otocol internet protocol security internetwork packet exchange internetwork packet exchange/sequenced packet exchange infrared Infrared Data Association interrupt request industry standard architecture integrated services digital network Industry Standards Organization internet service provider just a bunch of disks kilobit Kilobyte or knowledge base Version 2. 0 13 of 17 CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. LAN LBA LC LCD LDAP LED Li-on LPD/LPR LPT LVD MAC MAPI MAU Mb MB MBR MBSA MFD MFP MHz MicroDIMM MIDI MIME MMC MMX MP3 MP4 MPEG MSCONFIG MSDS MUI NAC NAS NAT NetBIOS NetBEUI NFS NIC NiCd NiMH NLX NNTP NTFS NTLDR ocal area network logical block addressing Lucent connector liquid crystal display lightweight directory access protocol light emitting diode lithium-ion line printer daemon / line printer remote line printer terminal low voltage differential media access control / mandatory access control messaging application programming interface media access unit, media attachment unit megabit megabyte master boot record Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer multi-function device multi-function product megahertz micro dual inline memory module musical instrument digital interface multipurpose internet mail extension Microsoft management console multimedia extensions Moving Picture Experts Group Layer 3 Audio Moving Picture Experts Group Layer 4 Moving Picture Experts Group Microsoft configuration material safety data sheet multilingual user interface network access control network-attached storage network address translation networked basic input/output system networked basic input/output system extended user interface network file system network interface card nickel cadmium nickel metal hydride new low-profile extended network news transfer protocol new technology file system new technology loader Version 2. 0 14 of 17 CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. NTP OCR OEM OS PAN PATA PC PCI PCIe PCIX PCL PCMCIA PDA PGA PGA2 PIN PKI PnP POP3 POST POTS PPP PPTP PRI PROM PS/2 PSTN PSU PVC PXE QoS RAID RAM RAS RDRAM RDP RF RFI RGB RIMM RIP RIS RISC RJ Network Time Protocol optical character recognition original equipment manufacturer operating system personal area network parallel advanced technology attachment personal computer peripheral component interconnect peripheral component interconnect express peripheral component interconnect extended printer control language Personal Computer Memory Card International Association personal digital assistant pin grid array pin grid array 2 personal identification number public key infrastructure plug and play post office protocol 3 power-on self test plain old telephone service point-to-point protocol point-to-point tunneling protocol primary rate interface programmable read-only memory personal system/2 connector public switched telephone network power supply unit permanent virtual circuit preboot execution environment quality of service redundant array of independent (or inexpensive) discs random access memory remote access service RAMBUS ® dynamic random access memory Remote Desktop Protocol radio frequency radio frequency interference red green blue RAMBUS ® inline memory module routing information protocol remote installation service reduced instruction set computer registered jack Version 2. 0 15 of 17 CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. RJ-11 RJ-45 RMA ROM RS-232 or RS-232C RTC SAN SATA SC SCP SCSI SCSI ID SD card SDRAM SEC SFC SGRAM SIMM SLI S. M. A. R. T. SMB SMTP SNMP SoDIMM SOHO SP SP1 SP2 SP3 SP4 SPDIF SPGA SPX SRAM SSH SSID SSL ST STP SVGA SXGA TB TCP TCP/IP egistered jack function 11 registered jack function 45 returned materials authorization read only memory recommended standard 232 real-time clock storage area network serial advanced technology attachment subscription channel secure copy protection small computer system interface small computer system interface identifier secure digital car d synchronous dynamic random access memory single edge connector system file checker synchronous graphics random access memory single inline memory module scalable link interface or system level integration or scanline interleave mode self-monitoring, analysis, and reporting technology server message block or small to midsize business simple mail transport protocol simple network management protocol small outline dual inline memory module small office/home office service pack service pack 1 service pack 2 service pack 3 service pack 4 Sony-Philips digital interface format staggered pin grid array sequenced package exchange static random access memory secure shell service set identifier secure sockets layer straight tip shielded twisted pair super video graphics array super extended graphics array terabyte transmission control protocol transmission control protocol/internet protocol Version 2. 0 16 of 17 CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology In dustry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. TDR TFTP TPM UAC UART UDF UDMA UDP UNC UPS URL USB USMT UTP UXGA VESA VFAT VGA VoIP VPN VRAM WAN WAP WEP WIFI WINS WLAN WPA WUXGA XGA ZIF ZIP ime domain reflectometer trivial file transfer protocol trusted platform module user account control universal asynchronous receiver transmitter user defined functions or universal disk format or universal data format ultra direct memory access user datagram protocol universal naming convention uninterruptible power supply uniform resource locator universal serial bus user state migration tool unshielded twisted pair ultra extended graphics array Video Electronics Standards Association virtual file allocation table video graphics array voice over internet protocol virtual private network video random access memory wide area network wireless application protocol wired equivalent privacy wireless fidelity windows internet name service wireless local area network wireless protected access wide ultra extended graphics array extended graphics array zero-insertion-force zigzag inline package CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2. 0 17 of 17 Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. How to cite Comptia a+, Papers

Comptia a+ Free Essays

string(174) " Power and electrical input devices o Auto-switching o Fixed input power supplies o Batteries \? Input devices o Stylus / digitizer CompTIA A\+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2\." CompTIA A+ Essentials (2009 Edition) Objectives Exam Number: 220-701 Introduction In order to receive CompTIA A+ certification a candidate must pass two exams. The first exam is CompTIA A+ Essentials, exam number 220-701. The CompTIA A+ Essentials examination measures necessary competencies for an entry-level IT professional with the equivalent knowledge of at least 500 hours of hands-on experience in the lab or field. We will write a custom essay sample on Comptia a+ or any similar topic only for you Order Now Successful candidates will have the knowledge required to understand the fundamentals of computer technology, networking, and security, and will have the skills required to identify hardware, peripheral, networking, and security components. Successful candidates will understand the basic functionality of the operating system and basic troubleshooting methodology, practice proper safety procedures, and will effectively interact with customers and peers. CompTIA A+ is ISO 17024 Accredited (Personnel Certification Accreditation) and, as such, undergoes regular reviews and updates to the exam objectives. The following CompTIA A+ Essentials objectives reflect the subject areas in the 2009 Edition of the exam and result from subject matter expert workshops and industry-wide survey results regarding the skills and knowledge required of an entry-level IT professional. The percentages in this document represent the relative importance of the subject areas (domains) in the associated body of knowledge, and together establish the foundation of an entry-level IT professional. This examination blueprint includes domain weighting, test objectives, and example content. Example topics and concepts are included to clarify the test objectives and should not be construed as a comprehensive listing of all the content of this examination. Candidates are encouraged to use this document to guide their studies. The contents of the examination blueprint help prioritize topics and provide a guide of what to expect on the CompTIA A+ Essentials exam. The table below lists the domains measured by this examination and the extent to which they are represented. The CompTIA A+ Essentials (2009 Edition) exam is based on these objectives. Domain 1. 0 2. 0 3. 0 4. 0 5. 0 6. Hardware Troubleshooting, Repair Maintenance Operating System and Software Networking Security Operational Procedure Percentage of Examination 27% 20% 20% 15% 8% 10% 100% Total **Note: The lists of examples provided in bulleted format below each objective are not exhaustive lists. Other examples of technologies, processes or tasks pertaining to each objective may also be included on the exam althou gh not listed or covered in this objectives document. CompTIA is constantly reviewing the content of our exams and updating test questions to be sure our exams are current and the security of the questions is protected. When necessary, we will publish updated exams based on existing exam objectives. Please know that all related exam preparation materials will still be valid. CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2. 0 1 of 17 Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. 1. 0 Hardware 1. 1 Categorize storage devices and backup media ? FDD ? HDD o Solid state vs. magnetic ? Optical drives o CD / DVD / RW / Blu-Ray ? Removable storage o Tape drive o Solid state (e. g. humb drive, flash, SD cards, USB) o External CD-RW and hard drive o Hot swappable devices and non-hot swappable devices 1. 2 Explain motherboard components, types and features ? Form Factor o ATX / BTX, o micro ATX o NLX ? I/O interfaces o Sound o Video o USB 1. 1 and 2. 0 o Serial o IEEE 1394 / Firewire o Parallel o NIC o Modem o PS/2 ? Memory slots o RIMM o DIMM o SODIMM o SIMM ? Processor sockets ? Bus architecture ? Bus slots o PCI o AGP o PCIe o AMR o CNR o PCMCIA ? PATA o IDE o EIDE ? SATA, eSATA ? Contrast RAID (levels 0, 1, 5) ? Chipsets ? BIOS / CMOS / Firmware o POST o CMOS battery ? Riser card / daughterboard 1. 3 Classify power supplies types and characteristics CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2. 0 Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. 2 of 17 ? ? ? ? ? AC adapter ATX proprietary Voltage, wattage and capacity Voltage selector switch Pins (20, 24) 1. 4 Explain the purpose and characteristics of CPUs and their features ? Identify CPU types o AMD o Intel ? Hyper threading ? Multi core o Dual core o Triple core o Quad core ? Onchip cache o L1 o L2 ? Speed (real vs. actual) ? 32bit vs. 64 bit 1. 5 Explain cooling methods and devices ? Heat sinks ? CPU and case fans ? Liquid cooling systems ? Thermal compound 1. 6 Compare and contrast memory types, characteristics and their purpose ? Types o DRAM o SRAM o SDRAM o DDR / DDR2 / DDR3 o RAMBUS ? Parity vs. Non-parity ? ECC vs. non-ECC ? Single sided vs. double sided ? Single channel vs. dual channel ? Speed o PC100 o PC133 o PC2700 o PC3200 o DDR3-1600 o DDR2-667 1. 7 Distinguish between the different display devices and their characteristics ? Projectors, CRT and LCD ? LCD technologies o Resolution (e. . XGA, SXGA+, UXGA, WUXGA) o Contrast ratio o Native resolution ? Connector types o VGA CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2. 0 Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. 3 of 17 ? o o o o Settings o o o o HDMi S-Video Component / RGB DVI pin compatibility Refresh rate Resolution Multi-monitor Degauss 1. 8 Install and configure peripherals and input devices ? Mouse ? Keyboard ? Bar code reader ? Multimedia (e. g. web and digital cameras, MIDI, microphones) ? Biometric devices ? Touch screen ? KVM switch 1. 9 Summarize the function and types of adapter cards ? Video o PCI o PCIe o AGP ? Multimedia o Sound card o TV tuner cards o Capture cards ? I/O o SCSI o Serial o USB o Parallel ? Communications o NIC o Modem 1. 10 Install, configure and optimize laptop components and features ? Expansion devices o PCMCIA cards o PCI Express cards o Docking station ? Communication connections o Bluetooth o Infrared o Cellular WAN o Ethernet o Modem ? Power and electrical input devices o Auto-switching o Fixed input power supplies o Batteries ? Input devices o Stylus / digitizer CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2. 0 4 of 17 Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. o o Function keys Point devices (e. g. touch pad, point stick / track point) 1. 11 Install and configure printers ? Differentiate between printer types o Laser o Inkjet o Thermal o Impact ? Local vs. network printers ? Printer drivers (compatibility) ? Consumables 2. 0 Troubleshooting, Repair and Maintenance 2. Given a scenario, explain the troubleshooting theory ? Identify the problem o Question the user and identify user changes to computer and perform backups before making changes ? Establish a theory of probable cause (question the obvious) ? Test the theory to determine cause o Once theory is confirmed determine next steps to resolve problem o If theory is not confirmed re-establish new theory or escalate ? Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and implement the solution ? Verify full system functionality and if applicable implement preventative measures ? Document findings, actions and outcomes 2. 2 Given a scenario, explain and interpret common hardware and operating system symptoms and their causes ? OS related symptoms o Bluescreen o System lock-up o Input/output device o Application install o Start or load o Windows specific printing problems ? Print spool stalled ? Incorrect / incompatible driver ? Hardware related symptoms o Excessive heat o Noise o Odors o Status light indicators o Alerts o Visible damage (e. g. cable, plastic) ? Use documentation and resources o User / installation manuals o Internet / web based o Training materials 2. Given a scenario, determine the troubleshooting methods and tools for printers ? Manage print jobs ? Print spooler ? Printer properties and settings CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2. 0 Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. 5 of 17 ? Print a test page 2. 4 Given a sc enario, explain and interpret common laptop issues and determine the appropriate basic troubleshooting method ? Issues o Power conditions o Video o Keyboard o Pointer o Stylus o Wireless card issues ? Methods o Verify power (e. . LEDs, swap AC adapter) o Remove unneeded peripherals o Plug in external monitor o Toggle Fn keys or hardware switches o Check LCD cutoff switch o Verify backlight functionality and pixilation o Check switch for built-in WIFI antennas or external antennas 2. 5 Given a scenario, integrate common preventative maintenance techniques ? Physical inspection ? Updates o Driver o Firmware o OS o Security ? Scheduling preventative maintenance o Defrag o Scandisk o Check disk o Startup programs ? Use of appropriate repair tools and cleaning materials o Compressed air o Lint free cloth o Computer vacuum and compressors ? Power devices o Appropriate source such as power strip, surge protector or UPS ? Ensuring proper environment ? Backup procedures 3. 0 Operating Systems and Software – Unless otherwise noted, operating systems referred to within include Microsoft Windows 2000, Windows XP Professional, XP Home, XP MediaCenter, Windows Vista Home, Home Premium, Business and Ultimate, Windows 7 Starter, Home Premium, Professional and Ultimate 3. 1 Compare and contrast the different Windows Operating Systems and their features ? Windows 2000, Windows XP 32bit vs. 64bit, Windows Vista 32 bit vs. 64bit, Windows 7 32-bit vs. 4-bit o Side bar, Aero, UAC, minimum system requirements, system limits o Windows 2000 and newer – upgrade paths and requirements ? Windows OS Upgrade Advisor ? Microsoft Assessment and Planning Toolkit CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2. 0 6 of 17 Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectiv es are subject to change without notice. o o o Terminology (32bit vs. 64bit – x86 vs. x64) Application compatibility, installed program locations (32bit vs. 64bit), Windows compatibility mode User interface, start bar layout 3. Given a scenario, demonstrate proper use of user interfaces ? Windows Explorer o Libraries in Windows 7 ? My Computer ? Control Panel ? Command prompt utilities o telnet o ping o ipconfig ? Run line utilities o msconfig o msinfo32 o Dxdiag o Cmd o REGEDIT ? My Network Places / Home Group ? Location of basic network settings between OS versions ? Task bar / systray ? Administrative tools o Performance monitor, Event Viewer, Services, Computer Management ? MMC ? Task Manager ? Start Menu 3. 3 Explain the process and steps to install and configure the Windows OS ? File systems o FAT32 vs. NTFS ? Directory structures o Create folders o Navigate directory structures ? Files o Creation o Extensions o Attributes o Permissions ? Verification of hardware compatibility and minimum requirements ? Installation methods o Boot media such as DVD, CD, floppy or USB o Network installation o Install from image o Recover CD o Factory recovery partition ? Operating system installation options o File system type o Network configuration o Repair install ? Disk preparation order o Format drive o Partition CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2. 0 7 of 17 Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. ? ? ? ? ? o Start installation Device Manager o Verify o Install and update devices drivers o Driver signing User data migration – User State Migration Tool (USMT) Virtual memory Configure power management o Suspend o Wake on LAN o Sleep timers o Hibernate o Standby Demonstrate safe removal of peripherals 3. 4 Explain the basics of boot sequences, methods and startup utilities ? Disk boot order / device priority o Types of boot devices (disk, network, USB, other) ? Boot options o Safe mode o Boot to restore point o Recovery options ? Automated System Recovery (ASR) ? Emergency Repair Disk (ERD) ? Recovery console 4. 0 Networking 4. 1 Summarize the basics of networking fundamentals, including technologies, devices and protocols ? Basics of configuring IP addressing and TCP/IP properties (DHCP, DNS) ? Bandwidth and latency ? Status indicators ? Protocols (TCP/IP, NETBIOS) ? Full-duplex, half-duplex ? Basics of workgroups and domains ? Common ports: HTTP, FTP, POP, SMTP, TELNET, HTTPS ? LAN / WAN ? Hub, switch and router ? Identify Virtual Private Networks (VPN) ? Basics class identification ? IPv6 vs. IPv4 o Address length differences o Address conventions 4. 2 Categorize network cables and connectors and their implementations ? Cables o Plenum / PVC o UTP (e. g. CAT3, CAT5 / 5e, CAT6) o STP o Fiber o Coaxial cable CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2. 0 8 of 17 Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. ? Connectors o RJ45 o RJ11 4. 3 Compare and contrast the different network types ? Broadband o DSL o Cable o Satellite o Fiber ? Dial-up ? Wireless o All 802. 11 types o WEP o WPA o SSID o MAC filtering o DHCP settings ? Bluetooth ? Cellular 5. 0 Security 5. 1 Explain the basic principles of security concepts and technologies ? Encryption technologies ? Data wiping / hard drive destruction / hard drive recycling ? Software firewall o Port security o Exceptions ? Authentication technologies o User name o Password o Biometrics o Smart cards ? Basics of data sensitivity and data security o Compliance o Classifications o Social engineering 5. 2 Summarize the following security features ? Wireless encryption o WEPx and WPAx o Client configuration (SSID) ? Malicious software protection o Viruses o Trojans o Worms o Spam o Spyware o Adware o Grayware ? BIOS Security o Drive lock CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2. 0 9 of 17 Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. ? ? ? o Passwords o Intrusion detection o TPM Password management / password complexity Locking workstation o Hardware o Operating system Biometrics o Fingerprint scanner 6. 0 Operational Procedure 6. 1 Outline the purpose of appropriate safety and environmental procedures and given a scenario apply them ? ESD ? EMI o Network interference o Magnets ? RFI o Cordless phone interference o Microwaves ? Electrical safety o CRT o Power supply o Inverter o Laser printers o Matching power requirements of equipment with power distribution and UPSs ? Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) ? Cable management o Avoiding trip hazards ? Physical safety o Heavy devices o Hot components ? Environmental – consider proper disposal procedures 6. 2 Given a scenario, demonstrate the appropriate use of communication skills and professionalism in the workplace ? Use proper language – avoid jargon, acronyms, slang ? Maintain a positive attitude ? Listen and do not interrupt a customer ? Be culturally sensitive ? Be on time o If late contact the customer ? Avoid distractions o Personal calls o Talking to co-workers while interacting with customers o Personal interruptions ? Dealing with a difficult customer or situation o Avoid arguing with customers and/or being defensive o Do not minimize customers’ problems o Avoid being judgmental o Clarify customer statements ? Ask open-ended questions to narrow the scope of the problem ? Restate the issue or question to verify understanding CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2. 0 10 of 17 Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. ? Set and meet expectations / timeline and communicate status with the customer o Offer different repair / replacement options if applicable o Provide proper documentation on the services provided o Follow up with customer / user at a later date to verify satisfaction Deal appropriately with customers confidential materials o Located on compu ter, desktop, printer, etc. CompTIA A+ Acronyms Introduction The following is a list of acronyms which appear on the CompTIA A+ exams. Candidates are encouraged to review the complete list and attain a working knowledge of all listed acronyms as a part of a comprehensive exam preparation program. ACRONYM AC ACL ACPI ACT ADSL AGP AMD APIPA APM ARP ASR ATA ATAPI ATM ATX BIOS BNC BTX CD CD-ROM CD-RW CDFS CFS CMOS COMx CPU CRT DAC DB-25 SPELLED OUT alternating current access control list advanced configuration and power interface activity asymmetrical digital subscriber line accelerated graphics port advanced micro devices automatic private internet protocol addressing advanced power management address resolution protocol automated system recovery advanced technology attachment advanced technology attachment packet interface asynchronous transfer mode advanced technology extended basic input/output system Bayonet-Neill-Concelman or British Naval Connector balanced technology extended compact disc compact disc-read-only memory compact disc-rewritable compact disc file system Central File System, Common File System, Command File System complementary metal-oxide semiconductor communication port (x=port number) central processing unit cathode-ray tube discretionary access control ser ial communications D-shell connector, 25 pins Version 2. 0 11 of 17 CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. DB-9 DC DDOS DDR DDR RAM DDR SDRAM DFS DHCP DIMM DIN DIP DLT DLP DMA DMZ DNS DOS DRAM DSL DVD DVD-RAM DVD-ROM DVD-R DVD-RW DVI ECC ECP EEPROM EFS EIDE EMI EMP EPROM EPP ERD ESD EVGA EVDO FAT FAT12 FAT16 FAT32 FDD Fn 9 pin D shell connector direct current distributed denial of service double data-rate double data-rate random access memory double data-rate synchronous ynamic random access memory distributed file system dynamic host configuration protocol dual inline memory module Deutsche Industrie Norm dual inline package digital linear tape digital light processing direct memory access demilitarized zone domain name service or domain name server denial of service dynamic random access memory digital subscriber line digital vid eo disc or digital versatile disc digital video disc-random access memory digital video disc-read only memory digital video disc-recordable digital video disc-rewritable digital visual interface error correction code extended capabilities port electrically erasable programmable read-only memory encrypting file system enhanced integrated drive electronics electromagnetic interference electromagnetic pulse erasable programmable read-only memory enhanced parallel port emergency repair disk electrostatic discharge extended video graphics adapter/array evolution data optimized or evolution data only file allocation table 12-bit file allocation table 16-bit file allocation table 32-bit file allocation table floppy disk drive Function (referring to the function key on a laptop) Version 2. 0 12 of 17 CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. FPM FRU FSB FTP FQDN Gb GB GDI GHz GUI GPS GSM HAL HCL HDD HDMi HPFS HTML HTTP HTTPS I/O ICMP ICR IDE IDS IEEE IIS IMAP IP IPCONFIG IPP IPSEC IPX IPX/SPX IR IrDA IRQ ISA ISDN ISO ISP JBOD Kb KB fast page-mode field replaceable unit Front Side Bus file transfer protocol fully qualified domain name gigabit gigabyte graphics device interface gigahertz graphical user interface global positioning system global system for mobile communications hardware abstraction layer hardware compatibility list hard disk drive high definition media interface high performance file system hypertext markup language hypertext transfer protocol hypertext transfer protocol over secure sockets layer input/output internet control essage protocol intelligent character recognition integrated drive electronics Intrusion Detection System Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Internet Information Services internet mail access protocol internet protocol internet protocol configuration internet printing pr otocol internet protocol security internetwork packet exchange internetwork packet exchange/sequenced packet exchange infrared Infrared Data Association interrupt request industry standard architecture integrated services digital network Industry Standards Organization internet service provider just a bunch of disks kilobit Kilobyte or knowledge base Version 2. 0 13 of 17 CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. LAN LBA LC LCD LDAP LED Li-on LPD/LPR LPT LVD MAC MAPI MAU Mb MB MBR MBSA MFD MFP MHz MicroDIMM MIDI MIME MMC MMX MP3 MP4 MPEG MSCONFIG MSDS MUI NAC NAS NAT NetBIOS NetBEUI NFS NIC NiCd NiMH NLX NNTP NTFS NTLDR ocal area network logical block addressing Lucent connector liquid crystal display lightweight directory access protocol light emitting diode lithium-ion line printer daemon / line printer remote line printer terminal low voltage differential media access control / mandatory access control messaging application programming interface media access unit, media attachment unit megabit megabyte master boot record Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer multi-function device multi-function product megahertz micro dual inline memory module musical instrument digital interface multipurpose internet mail extension Microsoft management console multimedia extensions Moving Picture Experts Group Layer 3 Audio Moving Picture Experts Group Layer 4 Moving Picture Experts Group Microsoft configuration material safety data sheet multilingual user interface network access control network-attached storage network address translation networked basic input/output system networked basic input/output system extended user interface network file system network interface card nickel cadmium nickel metal hydride new low-profile extended network news transfer protocol new technology file system new technology loader Version 2. 0 14 of 17 CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. NTP OCR OEM OS PAN PATA PC PCI PCIe PCIX PCL PCMCIA PDA PGA PGA2 PIN PKI PnP POP3 POST POTS PPP PPTP PRI PROM PS/2 PSTN PSU PVC PXE QoS RAID RAM RAS RDRAM RDP RF RFI RGB RIMM RIP RIS RISC RJ Network Time Protocol optical character recognition original equipment manufacturer operating system personal area network parallel advanced technology attachment personal computer peripheral component interconnect peripheral component interconnect express peripheral component interconnect extended printer control language Personal Computer Memory Card International Association personal digital assistant pin grid array pin grid array 2 personal identification number public key infrastructure plug and play post office protocol 3 power-on self test plain old telephone service point-to-point protocol point-to-point tunneling protocol primary rate interface programmable read-only memory personal system/2 connector public switched telephone network power supply unit permanent virtual circuit preboot execution environment quality of service redundant array of independent (or inexpensive) discs random access memory remote access service RAMBUS ® dynamic random access memory Remote Desktop Protocol radio frequency radio frequency interference red green blue RAMBUS ® inline memory module routing information protocol remote installation service reduced instruction set computer registered jack Version 2. 0 15 of 17 CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. RJ-11 RJ-45 RMA ROM RS-232 or RS-232C RTC SAN SATA SC SCP SCSI SCSI ID SD card SDRAM SEC SFC SGRAM SIMM SLI S. M. A. R. T. SMB SMTP SNMP SoDIMM SOHO SP SP1 SP2 SP3 SP4 SPDIF SPGA SPX SRAM SSH SSID SSL ST STP SVGA SXGA TB TCP TCP/IP egistered jack function 11 registered jack function 45 returned materials authorization read only memory recommended standard 232 real-time clock storage area network serial advanced technology attachment subscription channel secure copy protection small computer system interface small computer system interface identifier secure digital car d synchronous dynamic random access memory single edge connector system file checker synchronous graphics random access memory single inline memory module scalable link interface or system level integration or scanline interleave mode self-monitoring, analysis, and reporting technology server message block or small to midsize business simple mail transport protocol simple network management protocol small outline dual inline memory module small office/home office service pack service pack 1 service pack 2 service pack 3 service pack 4 Sony-Philips digital interface format staggered pin grid array sequenced package exchange static random access memory secure shell service set identifier secure sockets layer straight tip shielded twisted pair super video graphics array super extended graphics array terabyte transmission control protocol transmission control protocol/internet protocol Version 2. 0 16 of 17 CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology In dustry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. TDR TFTP TPM UAC UART UDF UDMA UDP UNC UPS URL USB USMT UTP UXGA VESA VFAT VGA VoIP VPN VRAM WAN WAP WEP WIFI WINS WLAN WPA WUXGA XGA ZIF ZIP ime domain reflectometer trivial file transfer protocol trusted platform module user account control universal asynchronous receiver transmitter user defined functions or universal disk format or universal data format ultra direct memory access user datagram protocol universal naming convention uninterruptible power supply uniform resource locator universal serial bus user state migration tool unshielded twisted pair ultra extended graphics array Video Electronics Standards Association virtual file allocation table video graphics array voice over internet protocol virtual private network video random access memory wide area network wireless application protocol wired equivalent privacy wireless fidelity windows internet name service wireless local area network wireless protected access wide ultra extended graphics array extended graphics array zero-insertion-force zigzag inline package CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives Version 2. 0 17 of 17 Copyright  © 2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. The CompTIA A+ 220-701 Objectives are subject to change without notice. How to cite Comptia a+, Papers